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Ensiklopedi Keris Pdf To Excel
Sometimes coated with gold or silver and decorated with gemstones. Scabbard/sheath. Wooden frame covered and decorated with ivory or metals (gold, silver, copper, iron or brass).
Ensiklopedi Keris, Jakarta : Gramedia, 2004. Ida Bagus Gede Yudha Triguna. Keris: Sejarah dan Fungsinya, Departemen Pendidikan dan. DAPUR BROJOL PAMOR SLEWAH UDAN MAS & WOS WUTAHDapur B yaitu gandik polos saja. Ensiklopedia Keris downloads at Ebook-kings.com - Download free pdf files,ebooks and documents - Ensiklopedi Keris Bambang Harsrinuksmo Author.
The kris (Ngoko. Javanese: . The kris is famous for its distinctive wavy blade, although many have straight blades as well. These parts of the kris are objects of art, often carved in meticulous detail and made from various materials: metal, precious or rare types of wood, or gold or ivory. A kris's aesthetic value covers the dhapur (the form and design of the blade, with around 6. In return, UNESCO urged Indonesia to preserve their heritage. Two notable exceptions are the Philippines, where it is usually called kalis or kris, and Thailand, where it is always spelled and pronounced as kris.
Other spellings used by European colonists include . It is believed that the earliest kris prototype can be traced to Dongson bronze culture in Vietnam circa 3. BC that spread to other parts of Southeast Asia. Another theory is that the kris was based on daggers from India. However, Raffles' (1. Candi Sukuh states that the kris recognized today came into existence around 1. AD in the kingdom of Majapahit, East Java.
The scene in bas relief of Sukuh Temple in Central Java, dated from 1. Majapahit era, shows the workshop of a Javanese keris blacksmith. The scene depicted Bhima as the blacksmith on the left forging the metal, Ganesha in the center, and Arjuna on the right operating the piston bellows to blow air into the furnace.
The wall behind the blacksmith displays various items manufactured in the forge, including kris. These representations of the kris in the Candi Sukuh established the fact that by the year 1. Javanese culture. The daggers are made entirely of steel with intricate motifs smoothly drawn. The handles are made of gold, rhino’s horn or ivory carved with a depiction of human or demon; the carving works are exquisite and skillfully made. Majapahit knows no caning for major or minor punishment.
Download Ensiklopedi Keris - pdfslibforyou.com pdf or preview the file before downloading the document. ENSIKLOPEDI KERIS PDF. Added : 11 mounth ago ipts bank islam malaysia berhad (bimb) Title: Ensiklopedi Keris Bambang Harsrinuksmo Author Keywords: Ensiklopedi Keris Bambang Harsrinuksmo Author Created Date: 9/8/2014 9:04:57 AM. Labels: e book, Ensiklopedi, Ensiklopedia, Ensiklopedia Keris Gratis. Ensiklopedia Keris.pdf (3.5 MB) L I N K. Indo Keris Gallery; Pamor Keris; Keris. Ensiklopedi Keris Bambang Harsrinuksmo Author.pdf Free Download Here Ngadeni - Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Indonesia http://parekraf.go.id/userfiles.
They tied the guilty men's hands in the back with rattan rope and paraded them for a few paces, and then stabbed the offender one or two times in the back on the gap between the floating ribs, which resulted in severe bleeding and instant death. The spread of the kris to other nations such as Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines, experts say, was credited to the growing influence of the Majapahit Empire in Java around the year 1. There exist claims of earlier forms predating the Majapahit kris but none are verifiable. In the past, the majority of kris had straight blades but this became less frequent over time. They carry them at the back, as daggers used to be in Portugal.. For commoners however, kris were worn on a daily basis, especially when travelling because it might be needed for self- defense. During times of peace, people wore kris as part of ceremonial attire.
Ceremonial kris were often meticulously decorated with intricate carving in gold and precious stones. Heirloom blades were handed down through successive generations and worn during special events such as weddings and other ceremonies.
Men usually wore only one kris but the famous admiral Hang Tuah is said in the Hikayat Hang Tuah to have armed himself with one short and one long kris. Women also wore kris, though usually of a smaller size than a man's. In battle, a fighter might have carried more than one kris; some carried three kris: his own, one from his father- in- law, and one as a family heirloom. The extra two served as parrying daggers, but if none were available the sheath would serve the same purpose.
Yearly cleanings, required as part of the spirituality and mythology surrounding the weapon, often left ancient blades worn and thin. The repair materials depended on location and it is quite usual to find a weapon with fittings from several areas. For example, a kris may have a blade from Java, a hilt from Bali and a sheath from Madura.
The executioner's kris had a long, straight, slender blade. The condemned knelt before the executioner, who placed a wad of cotton or similar material on the subject's shoulder or clavicle area. The blade was thrust through the padding, piercing the subclavian artery and the heart.
Upon withdrawal, the cotton wiped the blade clean. Death came within seconds. Wijk en Aalburg (The Netherlands): Pictures Publishers, 1. Wijk en Aalburg (The Netherlands): Pictures Publishers, 2. Rassers, 'On the Javanese kris', in: Bijdragen tot de Taal- , Land- en Volkenkunde 9. Moscow, Russian State Library. N 3 (3. 0), 2. 00.
ISSN 1. 68. 1- 7. Further reading^Kamus Pepak Basa Jawa,Sudaryanto/Pranowo, 2. See: Javanese language: Politeness^ ab. Tantri Yuliandini (April 1.
Retrieved 3. 0 July 2. Leiden: Leiden and KITLV Press.
Retrieved 2. 9 July 2. The Kris: Mystic Weapon of the Malay World. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Oxford University Press. Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts.
The Suma oriental of Tome Pires: an account of the East. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Leiden: Leiden and KITLV Press. Retrieved 2. 9 July 2. Retrieved 3. 0 July 2. Retrieved 2 July 2.
Neka Art Museum, Bali. Leiden: Leiden and KITLV Press. Retrieved 2. 9 July 2. Magia Krisa (The Magic of Kris). Azia i Afrika Segodnya (Asia and Africa Today. References. See also.
Kris depicted in several emblems as a symbol. In the Philippines, the kris (kalis) is a symbol of Moro culture, and a resistance to Spanish rule and influence. It is incorporated into the flag of the Moro National Liberation Front, which became the official flag for the de facto and short- lived Bangsamoro Republik. It has also been incorporated into the historical flags of the Sultanate of Sulu. The former emblem of Siam uses the kris to represent the southern territories. It can also be seen on an obverse copper- zinc- tin RM1 coin with a songket pattern in the background.
The Malaya and British Borneo dollar 1 cent coin of 1. As a cultural symbol, the meticulously decorated keris represent refinement, art and beauty, as the pride and prized possession for its owner. Probably for this reason, although the kris is widespread in Javanese culture, it is not used to symbolise Javanese culture or royalty, as Javanese tradition promotes harmony and discourages direct confrontation (hence the absence of knives on Indonesian dinner tables). This is also why the Javanese traditionally wear the kris on their back, to symbolize violence as the last resort. However, in other parts of archipelago, from Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula and to Sulawesi, the kris is worn on the front or left side on the hip.
It is to symbolyze that the groom should not be reckless, easily get angry, impatient and abusive like Arya Panangsang. The jasmine is to symbolize sacredeness, patience, grace, humility, kindness and benevolence, the qualities lack in Panangsang. However another source mentioned that actually Sutawijaya admired Penangsang's fighting spirits, still fighting although his intestine encircled around his kris. Impressed by Penangsang's deed, later he command his male descendants to follow his step, adorned the kris with . The story of Arya Penangsang has inspired and performed as Javanese ketoprak drama. Arya Penangsang is bathing in his own blood, and his intestines were hanging from his open wounded stomach. However, because Arya Penangsang is a mighty fighter that possess aji or kesaktian (spiritual power), he keep fighting with an open wounded stomach.
He encircled his hanging intestines on his kris hilt, and continue to fight. When trying to attack his opponent, the reckless, fierce and impatience Panangsang pulled his Setan Kober off its sheath, foolishly cut his own intestines, and finally died. Setan Kober was safely kept by Sunan Kudus, one of the nine Islamic saints of Java. However Sunan Prawoto, son of Prince Trenggana and grandson of Raden Patah, stole it and used it to assassinate his uncle Raden Kikin by the river. Since then, Raden Kikin is also referred to as Sekar Seda Lepen (flower that fell by the river). Raden Trenggana rose as a sultan and later after his death, was replaced by Sunan Prawoto. Kikin's son, Arya Penangsang of Jipang with the help of his teacher, Sunan Kudus, took revenge by sending an assassin to kill Prawoto using the Setan Kober kris.
Prawoto younger sister Ratu Kalinyamat seeks revenge on Penangsang, since Penangsang also murdered her husband. She urged her brother in- law, Hadiwijaya (Joko Tingkir) the ruler of Pajang, to kill Arya Penangsang. Hadiwijaya sent his adopted son and also his son in- law Sutawijaya, who would later become the first ruler of the Mataram dynasty. Near its completion when the empu tried to infuse the weapon with spiritual power, he was disturbed by a crying demon (djinn) from the graveyard.
As a result, although powerful, the kris had a temperamental evil nature that caused the wielder to be overly ambitious and impatient. Hang Tuah's kris and title of Laksamana (admiral) were passed on to his comrade Hang Jebat. Furious that his best friend was unfairly put to death, Hang Jebat rebelled against the royalty and took over the palace. The desperate ruler of Melaka pardoned the minister so long as Hang Tuah could win him back the throne. Having trained under the same master since childhood the two friends were nearly equals but of the two, Tuah was the superior fighter. However, even after a long battle in the palace, neither could best the other because the Kris Taming Sari evened the odds.
Only after taking his weapon back did Hang Tuah manage to stab Jebat, who died soon after. In some versions of the legend, the weapon would grant its user physical invulnerability. The legend took place sometime during the fall of Majapahit Empire and the rise of the Malacca Sultanate in the 1. Tun Sri Lanang's book, the Sejarah Melayu, tells that it was made by a Javanese empu and first used by the champion of Majapahit, a pendekar named Taming Sari.
He was defeated in a duel to the death by the Melakan admiral Hang Tuah, after which the king of Majapahit presented the weapon to the victor.